Cover Title: Essentials of the U.S. ealth Care System
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Please read each question and select your answer from the choices provided. You must complete all of the questions in order to view your results. At the end of each exam, you have the option to e-mail your results to your instructor.


1:  What are the three major cornerstones of health care delivery?
A: Access, cost, and quality
B: Access, duration, quality
C: Cost,quality, insurance status
D: Duration, insurance status, access

2:  Macroperspective of costs
A: is a widely used measure for health care costs incurred by individuals when they receive health care services
B: is a widely used measure for national health expenditure of the proportion of the gross domestic product a country spends on the delivery of health care services
C: is a widely used measure for local community's health expenditure of the proportion of the gross domestic product the community spends on the delivery of health care services
D: none of the above

3:  In the 1970's, health care spending spiraled downwards at double-digit rates
A: T
B: F

4:  Trends in national health expenditures are evaluated by
A: comparing medical inflation to general inflation in the economy
B: comparing changes in national health spending to changes in the GDP
C: A and B
D: none of the above

5:  Third-party payment contributes to
A: direct transactions between provider and patient
B: moral hazard
C: provider-induced demand
D: C and D

6:  The health care sector will remain one of the fastest growing components of the U.S. economy
A: T
B: F

7:  An imperfect market is based on
A: the utilization of health by patients that results in an imperfect financial system
B: the utilization of health driven by economic demand rather than need
C: the utilization of health driven by need rather than economic need
D: the utilization of health by providers that results in imperfect financial system

8:  Defensive medicine
A: is when a doctor orders the minimal amount of tests and services as a protection against lawsuits
B: is when a doctor orders additional tests and services as a protection against lawsuits
C: is when a doctor gets defensive about the quality of his or her medical treatment
D: is when a doctor has to go to court to defend him or herself against a malpractice suit

9:  The elderly population consume more health care than younger people
A: T
B: F

10:  "Health Planning" refers to
A: an undertaking by the government to align and distribute health care resources that would achieve desired health for all uninsured people
B: an undertaking by the government to align and distribute health care resources that would achieve desired health for all insured people
C: an undertaking by the government to align and distribute health care resources that would achieve desired health for all people
D: an undertaking by the government to align and distribute health care resources that would achieve desired health for all children and women

11:  In 1971, Nixon imposed what program that placed limits on the amount hospitals could raise their prices annually?
A: Economic Hospital Program
B: Economic Stabilization Program
C: Hospital Stabilization Program
D: Economic Control Program

12:  What is peer review?
A: A general process of medical review of utilization and quality carried out by nurses
B: A general process of medical review of utilization and quality carried out by physicians
C: A general process of medical review of utilization and quality carried out by hospital administrators
D: A general process of medical review of utilization and quality carried out by patients

13:  The administrative costs in a multi-payer system are nearly double of what they would be in a single payer system
A: T
B: F

14:  Access to care can be defined as
A: the ability to obtain expensive,most technologically advanced health services
B: the ability to obtain unnecessary, expensive health care
C: the ability to obtain needed, affordable health services
D: the ability to obtain affordable, acceptable services in an untimely manner

15:  Micro Quality Indicators determine quality by focusing on
A: cost, access, and population health
B: medical errors, patient satisfaction, access
C: medical errors, patient satisfaction, and quality of life
D: medical errors, access, and population health

16:  Administrative costs
A: are costs associated with the management of financing and insurance only
B: are costs associated with the management of financing, insurance, delivery, and payment
C: are costs associated with the management of delivery and payment only
D: are costs associated with the monitoring of the quality of services provided by physicians

17:  Population-based surveys supported by federal statistical agencies are the major data sources for conducting analyses on access to care
A: T
B: F

18:  Demand-side incentives
A: refer to the cost-sharing mechanisms that place a larger cost burden on consumers
B: refer to the cost-sharing mechanism that place a larger cost burden on physicians
C: refer to the cost-sharing mechanism that place a larger cost burden on hospital administrators
D: refer to the cost-sharing mechanism that place a larger cost burden on the federal government

19:  Why should the U.S. control the rising costs of health care?
A: Rising health care costs consume a smaller portions of the total economic output
B: Rising health care costs can erode the competitive position of American businesses in international markets
C: Rising health care costs maximize the ability of employers to offer health insurance as a fringe benefit
D: Rising health care costs create more profit for Medicare and Medicaid

20:  Which of the following is not one of the nine major factors contributing to high costs of health care?
A: Third-party payment
B: imperfect market
C: lack of growth in technology
D: increase in elderly population

21:  One reason why past attempts to bring universal access to health care is the
A: concern that such a move would be extremely costly in terms of national health care expenditures
B: concern that such a move would not be costly in terms of national health care expenditures
C: objection by major pharmaceutical companies
D: concern that such a move would be unfair to other sectors in the U.S. economy

22:  Health care is among the few services for which a third party, not the consumer, pays the lion's share for most of the services used.
A: T
B: F

23:  New technology
A: is expensive to develop
B: increases demand for its use
C: is harmful to patients
D: both A and B

24:  Risk management consists of
A: proactive efforts to prevent adverse events leading to medical malpractice
B: proactive efforts to manage unruly behavior of physicians
C: proactive efforts to prevent adverse events that physically harms hospital administrators
D: proactive efforts to prevent adverse events from physically harming the vulnerable populations

25:  During the past 100 years, life expectancy in the U.S. has risen substantially
A: T
B: F

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